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Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. It mimics the action of the natural hormone GLP-1, which helps regulate blood sugar levels and appetite. Semaglutide works by stimulating insulin release, inhibiting glucagon release, slowing gastric emptying, and reducing food intake.
Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. It mimics the action of the natural GLP-1 hormone, which regulates blood sugar levels and appetite by stimulating insulin release, inhibiting glucagon release, slowing gastric emptying, and reducing food intake. Due to modifications that make it resistant to degradation by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), semaglutide has a longer half-life, allowing for less frequent dosing. It is administered subcutaneously, with a lower dose typically used once a week for T2DM and a higher dose (2.4 mg) for obesity, where it aids in weight management. Clinical studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in promoting significant weight loss and improving glycemic control. (1,2)
In patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, semaglutide was associated with a significantly lower rate of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke compared to placebo. This result confirmed that semaglutide is noninferior in terms of cardiovascular outcomes. (3) In patients without diabetes but with preexisting cardiovascular disease and overweight or obese without diabetes a dose of 2.4 mg was superior to placebo reducing incidence of death from cardiovascular causes and nonfatal stroke.(4)
(1) Chao, A. M., Tronieri, J. S., Amaro, A., & Wadden, T. A. (2023). Semaglutide for the treatment of obesity. Trends in cardiovascular medicine, 33(3), 159-166.
(2) Christou, G. A., Katsiki, N., Blundell, J., Fruhbeck, G., & Kiortsis, D. N. (2019). Semaglutide as a promising antiobesity drug. Obesity Reviews, 20(6), 805-815.
(3) Marso, S. P., Bain, S. C., Consoli, A., Eliaschewitz, F. G., Jódar, E., Leiter, L. A., … & Vilsbøll, T. (2016). Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine, 375(19), 1834-1844.
(4) Lincoff, A. M., Brown-Frandsen, K., Colhoun, H. M., Deanfield, J., Emerson, S. S., Esbjerg, S., … & Ryan, D. H. (2023). Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine, 389(24), 2221-2232.
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